Anita Markmiller (doctoral research fellow) - June 2025

In June 2025, doctoral research fellow Anita Markmiller visited several cultural institutions in Madrid to gather detailed insights into Spain’s early modern oceanic history as represented through visual media. Among the places where she conducted research are the Real Sitio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial, especially the Hall of Battles, the Museo Naval de Madrid, and the Biblioteca Nacional de España, where this picture was taken: after a day of intensive research, an equally intense summer rain brought a welcome touch of cool respite.